Effects of Bee Density and Hive Distribution on Pollination Efficiency for Greenhouse Strawberries: A Simulation Study

The cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch. is widely planted in greenhouses around the world. Its production heavily depends on pollination services. Bee can significantly improve fruit quality and save considerable labor requirements. In this paper, we used a simulation model to study effects of bee density hive distribution efficiency for greenhouse strawberries. Simulation experiments allowed us obtain under different conditions track every bee, flower, pollen detail without great planting cost. particular, found that cannot be improved once higher than one bee/plant due saturation effect. Distributing hives interplanting spatially quality. addition, results suggested continuous process reduce influence stigma receptivity. This effect even are top two reasons explaining how outperforms artificial pollination.